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MiniApps Standardization Status

Martin Alvarez

TPAC 2025
Kobe, Japan & online
13 November 2025

Light apps ecosystem

Several MiniApp versions from Chinese vendors

Light apps ecosystem

Several MiniApp versions depending on SuperApps

Light apps

Incremental image from previous one, plus several for Android, including WebAPKs, Instant Apps, Quick Apps...

Main challenges

Timeline

Timeline highlighting challenges in security

Specs

MiniApp Packaging specification

MiniApps APIs Gap

Type API Description #1 #2 #3 #4 2+ Standard
Data management Data storage Get, set key=value pairs yes yes yes yes yes Storage API (IndexedDB API), Web Storage API
File system management Storage, management in the local file system yes yes yes yes yes File System API, File and Directory Entries API
Data exchange with other MiniApps Data exchange between installed apps yes yes yes yes Broadcast Channel API, Channel Messaging API
Compression/Decompression ZIP file management yes yes yes yes
Clipboard Clipboard set/get yes yes yes yes yes Clipboard API
Cryptography Encryption, decryption, random yes yes yes yes Web Crypto API
Cache Cache management (rules, cleaning, etc.) yes Content Index API
Sensors Accelerometer Sensors yes yes yes yes yes Sensor APIs (Accelerometer)
Compass Sensors yes yes yes yes yes Sensor APIs (Magnetometer)
Gyroscope Sensors yes yes yes yes yes Sensor APIs (Gyroscope)
Proximity sensor Sensors yes Proximity Sensor
Step counter Sensors yes yes yes yes
Ambient light sensor Sensors Sensor APIs (Ambient Light)

MiniApps Markup Elements

Type Feature Style? Funct.? Rec? Standard solution?
Container Content division <div> direct usage
Inline container <span> direct usage
Dialog <dialog> direct usage
Stacking container yes <div>* HTML + CSS (div { position: relative; })
Slideshow (carousel) yes <div>* HTML + CSS Flexbox + overscroll-behavior + scroll-behavior...
Tabs yes <nav><section>* (OpenUI) (navs + section + CSS)
List container yes <ul><li> HTML + CSS
Fixed container yes <div>* HTML + CSS
Scrolling container yes <div>* HTML + CSS
Grid layout yes <div>* HTML + CSS
Marquee yes <marquee> (deprecated)* HTML + CSS
Drag and drop yes <div>* HTML + Drag and Drop API
Pull to refresh yes <div>* HTML + JS + CSS
Conditional block @style CSS media queries
Navigation Bar <nav> HTML + CSS

Discussion yesterday

How to Create Standard MiniApp Engines

Modular Web Engines

A "Pure Web" SuperApp

https://espinr.github.io/sandbox/miniapps/pureweb/superapp

Opportunities

  • MiniApps paradigm is still unknown outside Asia, but huge interest
  • Web standards bring: security, internationalization, accessibility by default
  • MiniApps Working Group, ongoing and ready to continue

Technologies to consider

  • Progressive Web Apps: installable, offline, ready worldwide
  • Isolated Web Apps: packaging, distribution through HTTP
  • High-Performance Engines: dedicate and performant web engines?

In Process of Re-Chartering

Charter of MiniApps WG
  1. Merge with High-Performance CG?
  2. New requirements/deliverables?
  3. Can we involve more stakeholders?

Current Charter

Thank you

This presentation:
http://espinr.github.io/talks/2025/1113-MiniApps-TPAC-ChineseIG